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Immune response of the paratenic host to Toxocara canis infection, possible influence on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Novák, Jan ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Fajfrlík, Karel (referee) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
i Univerzita Karlova 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Studijní obor: Biochemie a patobiochemie RNDr. Jan Novák Imunitní odpověď paratenického hostitele na infekci Toxocara canis, možné ovlivnění průběhu experimentální autoimunitní encefalomyelitidy Immune response of the paratenic host to Toxocara canis infection, possible influence on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Abstrakt dizertační práce Školitel: prof. RNDr. Petr Horák, Ph.D. Konzultant: prof. RNDr. Libuše Kolářová, CSc. Praha, 2022 ii ABSTRACT The most complex interactions between host and infectious agent are generated during helminth infections, which represent a significant source of serious health problems worldwide. Because many helminths migrate after entering the host, these infections are characterized by the gradual development of a range of clinical symptoms. These are not only due to the damage to various organs but also to the modified host's immune response. The published studies show that, on the one hand, the immune response is stimulated in order to eliminate the parasite, but on the other hand, helminths possess a number of mechanisms that may lead to immune modulation and thus ensure their long-term survival in the host. An indirect consequence of such a...
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Parasites and multiple sclerosis: trigger, or treatment?
Parohová, Irena ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease and its growth has been recently recorded mostly in developed countries. Its yet unsolved origin contributes to difficulties with therapy of this disease. The influence of parasites in aetiology of MS has also been investigated, although never reliably proven in human trials. On the contrary, data from animal models of MS suggest a rather protective effect towards the disease progression, acquired through parasitic helmith infection. In the host helminths induce a variety of immunoregulatory mechanisms, which alleviate the ongoing inflammation in the central nervous system. These observations within the so-called helminthic therapy (mostly based on the application of whipworm Trichuris suis eggs) have been tested in human patients also. Up to date, results indicate a protective effect of application of T. suis to MS patients, however these clinical studies were executed only on a small number of probands. Besides this, pathological manifestations related to the infection of parasite occured in some cases. A solution could be the identification of specific parasite derived molecules with immunomodulatory potential.
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Immunologic profile of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Novosádová, Iva ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Zajícová, Alena (referee)
5 Anglický abstrakt Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely accepted as a murine model of human multiple sclerosis autoimmune disease. Murine EAE is usually actively induced by immunization with a suitable myelin antigen. Following immunization, CD4+ T helper lymphocytes Th1 and Th17 accumulate in the nervous tissue and via the production of cytokines, they mediate an inflammatory reaction and the subsequent destruction of myelin. The main goal of this study was the induction of EAE with clinically observable symptoms and the observation of changes in the counts and phenotypes of cells, mainly NK and T cells. NK cells express a wide range of inhibitory and activation receptors from the C-lectin-like receptor superfamily. The specific ligand of the activating NKR-P1C isoform is still unknown and thus this receptor's involvement in EAE was also observed. Another goal was the use of medication with regard to the disease progress improvement. For the purposes of this study, two inbred murine strains with distinct NKR-P1 surface expression were used - the SJL/J strain (expressing inhibitory NKR-P1B) and C57BL/6 (expression activating NKR-P1C). SJL mice elicited a relapse-remitting of EAE, while C57BL/6 had chronic EAE. Both mouse strains exerted changes in the counts of NK...
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